Botanical Information
Botanical Name: Setaria italica
Common Name: Foxtail Millet
Family: Poaceae (Grass family)
Genus: Setaria
Foxtail millet is an annual grass that belongs to the Poaceae family. It is one of the oldest cultivated millet species and is widely grown in many parts of the world.
Nutritional Information
Nutritional Information:
Foxtail millet is a nutritious grain that offers several health benefits. Here is the approximate nutritional composition of foxtail millet per 100 grams:
Energy: 351 calories
Carbohydrates: 73.4 grams
Protein: 11.2 grams
Fat: 3.3 grams
Fiber: 6.7 grams
Calcium: 17 milligrams
Iron: 2.8 milligrams
Magnesium: 114 milligrams
Phosphorus: 285 milligrams
Potassium: 195 milligrams
Zinc: 1.7 milligrams
Vitamin B1 (Thiamine): 0.33 milligrams
Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin): 0.10 milligrams
Vitamin B3 (Niacin): 1.7 milligrams
Vitamin B6: 0.38 milligrams
Etymology
The etymology of the term “Foxtail Millet” refers to the origin and meaning of its name. The name “foxtail” is derived from the appearance of the inflorescence of this millet variety, which resembles a fox’s tail. The panicle, or flowering part of the plant, is dense and cylindrical, with bristles resembling a fox’s bushy tail.
The term “millet” is a general name for several small-seeded grains belonging to the grass family, Poaceae. It is derived from the Old French word “mil,” which traces back to the Latin word “milium.” Millet has been cultivated and used as a staple food in various regions around the world for centuries.
Therefore, the name “Foxtail Millet” combines the descriptive term “foxtail” based on the appearance of its inflorescence and the general term “millet” that categorizes it as a type of small-seeded grain.
Foxtail millet, scientifically known as Setaria italica, is believed to have originated in China and was one of the earliest domesticated millets. Its cultivation can be traced back thousands of years to the Neolithic age in East Asia.
Foxtail millet was a staple food crop in ancient China and played a significant role in the development of agriculture and civilization in the region.
Archaeological evidence suggests that foxtail millet was cultivated as early as 7000-5000 BCE in northern China, particularly in the Yellow River Valley. The crop gradually spread to other parts of East Asia, including Korea and Japan, where it also became an important dietary staple.
Foxtail millet then began to expand its reach beyond East Asia. Around 2000 BCE, it started to spread westward to the Indian subcontinent and Central Asia. It became an integral part of the agricultural systems in these regions, especially in the semi-arid and arid areas where it thrived due to its resilience in dry conditions and short growing seasons.
In India, foxtail millet is known by various regional names such as “Kangni” in Hindi, “Thinai” in Tamil, “Korralu” in Telugu, and “Navane” in Kannada. It has been cultivated for centuries and remains an important traditional crop in certain regions, particularly in the drylands of southern India.
Foxtail millet also found its way to Europe and other parts of the world through trade routes and migrations. It was introduced to Europe around the 6th century CE and was grown in various regions for its grains and fodder.
Today, foxtail millet is cultivated across different continents, including Asia, Africa, Europe, and North America. It is recognized as a valuable crop due to its short growing season, high productivity, and nutritional benefits.
In recent years, there has been a renewed interest in foxtail millet as a nutritious and climate-resilient crop, promoting its cultivation and utilization for food security and sustainable agriculture.
- Rich in Nutrients: Foxtail millet is a good source of essential nutrients, including carbohydrates, dietary fiber, protein, vitamins (such as vitamin B-complex), and minerals (such as iron and magnesium). It provides a well-rounded nutritional profile and contributes to a balanced diet.
- Gluten-Free Grain: Foxtail millet is naturally gluten-free, making it a suitable grain option for individuals with gluten intolerance or celiac disease. It can be used as an alternative to gluten-containing grains, such as wheat, barley, and rye.
- Blood Sugar Regulation: Foxtail millet has a low glycemic index, which means it releases sugar into the bloodstream at a slower rate. This property can help stabilize blood sugar levels and prevent sudden spikes and crashes, making it beneficial for individuals with diabetes or those aiming to manage blood sugar levels.
- Digestive Health: The dietary fiber content in foxtail millet promotes healthy digestion. It adds bulk to the stool, supports regular bowel movements, and may help prevent constipation. It also acts as a prebiotic, nourishing beneficial gut bacteria.
- Weight Management: Foxtail millet is relatively low in calories and contains dietary fiber, which can help promote feelings of fullness and satiety. Including foxtail millet in your meals may assist in weight management by reducing overall calorie intake.
- Heart Health: Foxtail millet contains nutrients like magnesium and potassium, which are beneficial for heart health. These minerals help regulate blood pressure, reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases, and support overall cardiovascular well-being.
- Antioxidant Properties: Foxtail millet contains antioxidants, such as phenolic compounds and flavonoids, which help combat oxidative stress and reduce the risk of chronic diseases, including heart disease, cancer, and inflammation-related conditions.
- Quality: Choose foxtail millets that are clean, free from debris, and visually appealing. Avoid millet with signs of discoloration, insect damage, or moisture.
- Packaging: Check the packaging for any damage, tears, or punctures. Ensure that it is properly sealed to maintain freshness.
- Dry Environment: Store foxtail millet in a cool, dry place away from moisture, as exposure to humidity, can cause spoilage. Avoid storing it near the stove, sink, or any other source of heat or moisture.
- Airtight Container: Transfer foxtail millet to an airtight container or a sealed plastic bag to protect it from air and moisture. This helps maintain its quality and prolongs its shelf life.
- Shelf Life: Foxtail millet, when stored properly, can typically be kept for up to one year. However, for optimal freshness, it is recommended to consume it within six months.
- Pest Prevention: To prevent infestation by pantry pests, such as insects or weevils, consider storing foxtail millet with a bay leaf or a small sachet of dried neem leaves, which act as natural deterrents.
- Check for Rancidity: Occasionally inspect the stored foxtail millet for any signs of rancidity, such as an off odor or a bitter taste. If you detect any unpleasant changes, it is advisable to discard the millet.
Foxtail Millet Recipes
Ingredients:
1 cup cooked foxtail millet
1 cucumber, diced
1 tomato, diced
1 bell pepper, diced
1 small red onion, finely chopped
1/4 cup chopped fresh coriander leaves
Juice of 1 lemon
1 tablespoon olive oil
Salt and pepper to taste
Instructions
- In a mixing bowl, combine the cooked foxtail millet, diced cucumber, tomato, bell pepper, and chopped red onion.
- Add fresh coriander leaves to the bowl.
- In a separate small bowl, whisk together lemon juice, olive oil, salt, and pepper to make the dressing.
- Pour the dressing over the salad ingredients and toss well to combine.
- Adjust salt and pepper according to taste.
- Let the salad sit for a few minutes to allow the flavors to meld.
Serve the foxtail millet salad chilled as a refreshing and nutritious side dish.
Ingredients
1 cup foxtail millet
1/2 cup split yellow moong dal (lentils)
1 tablespoon ghee or oil
1 teaspoon cumin seeds
1 teaspoon mustard seeds
1 teaspoon grated ginger
1 green chili, chopped
1 small onion, finely chopped
1 carrot, finely chopped
1 small capsicum (bell pepper), finely chopped
1/2 cup green peas
1/2 teaspoon turmeric powder
1/2 teaspoon red chili powder (optional)
Salt to taste
Fresh coriander leaves for garnish
Instructions
- Rinse the foxtail millet and moong dal together under running water. Soak them in water for about 30 minutes. Drain and set aside.
- Heat ghee or oil in a pressure cooker or a deep pan. Add cumin seeds and mustard seeds. Let them splutter.
- Add grated ginger, chopped green chili, and chopped onion. Sauté until the onion turns golden brown.
- Add chopped carrot, capsicum, and green peas. Stir and cook for a few minutes until the vegetables are slightly tender.
- Add soaked foxtail millet and moong dal to the pan. Mix well with the vegetables.
- Sprinkle turmeric powder, red chili powder (optional), and salt. Stir to combine everything.
- Pour 3 cups of water into the pan. Stir well.
- If using a pressure cooker, close the lid and cook for 3-4 whistles. If using a pan, cover and cook on low heat until the millet and lentils are cooked and the water is absorbed.
- Once cooked, let it rest for a few minutes. Fluff the khichdi with a fork.
- Garnish with fresh coriander leaves.
- Serve hot with yogurt or pickle.